卓健生命科学与健康发展联盟资助的重点科研课题近日取得重要突破。由香港大学、新加坡国立大学、澳大利亚墨尔本大学及韩国首尔大学四方联合组成的亚太研究团队,在国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》上正式发表了题为《全基因组关联分析揭示亚太人群特发性肺纤维化三个新型风险位点》的研究成果,为数百万罕见病患者的精准诊断与靶向治疗带来了新的可能。
该研究历时三年,累计对来自中国大陆、香港、台湾、新加坡、日本、韩国及澳大利亚七个国家和地区的5,284份患者样本与8,612份对照样本进行了全外显子组测序与全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。研究团队借助联盟启元研究院提供的跨国生物样本数据共享平台,克服了以往亚太人群遗传研究样本量不足的核心瓶颈,实现了迄今为止亚太地区规模最大的特发性肺纤维化遗传学研究。
三个关键基因位点的发现
研究最终锁定了三个与特发性肺纤维化(IPF)在亚太人群中强相关的新型基因位点,分别位于第3号、第11号和第17号染色体上。其中,位于17q21.31区域的变异位点rs1892894-T等位基因,在亚太IPF患者中的携带频率显著高于欧洲人群,提示该位点可能对亚太人群具有更高的特异性风险贡献。
研究团队进一步的功能实验证实,上述三个位点附近的候选基因在肺上皮细胞的端粒维持、炎症调控和纤维化信号通路中扮演关键角色。其中,TERT基因启动子区域的一个单核苷酸变异(SNP)与端粒酶活性显著下调相关,而这一机制此前在欧洲患者中已有部分报道,本研究首次在大规模亚太人群队列中予以验证并精细定位。
对临床诊断的潜在影响
特发性肺纤维化是一种病因不明、预后极差的慢性进行性肺部疾病,确诊后患者中位生存期仅约2至4年。由于该病早期症状不典型,极易与慢阻肺、哮喘等常见呼吸道疾病相混淆,临床误诊率长期居高不下。本研究成果的发表,为开发针对亚太人群的基因风险评分(PRS)模型奠定了重要基础,有望在未来实现对高危人群的早期识别与干预。
领衔研究的香港大学李嘉诚医学院教授、联盟启元研究院首席研究员周博文表示:"这项研究最重要的意义,在于证明了我们构建亚太多中心遗传数据共享平台的路径是正确的。过去亚太人群在遗传学研究中长期处于样本量不足的困境,这次我们用超过一万三千份样本打破了这个局限,也为未来更多罕见病的遗传研究提供了可复用的方法论框架。"
联盟的资助角色
此次研究由联盟2023年度科研课题扶持计划"生命组学方向"重点项目资助,资助总额达280万港元,是联盟成立以来单笔资助金额最高的基础研究项目之一。联盟秘书长林嘉慧在接受采访时表示,联盟将继续加大对具有亚太区域特色的遗传病与罕见病研究的支持力度,争取在未来三年内将此类重点课题的资助规模扩大至每年1000万港元以上。
研究成果全文已在《自然·遗传学》官方网站公开发布,联盟启元研究院的官方网站同步提供论文摘要中文版及相关背景资料的下载链接。有意深入了解本研究或申请合作的机构,可通过联盟秘书处邮箱与研究团队取得联系。
本项研究的顺利完成,是联盟跨国学术合作机制发挥实效的有力证明。未来,联盟将继续以启元研究院为学术支撑平台,推动更多具有亚太视角的原创性生命科学研究落地,为全球生命科学知识体系贡献来自亚太的声音。
A key research project funded by ZALSH has achieved an important breakthrough. An Asia-Pacific team from the University of Hong Kong, the National University of Singapore, the University of Melbourne, and Seoul National University published findings in Nature Genetics identifying three new risk loci for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in Asia-Pacific populations.
The three-year study analyzed 5,284 patient samples and 8,612 control samples from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, and Australia through whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide association analysis. With support from the Qiyuan Institute cross-border biosample data-sharing platform, the team overcame long-standing limitations in sample size for Asia-Pacific genetic studies.
The study identified three new IPF-associated loci on chromosomes 3, 11, and 17. The rs1892894-T allele in the 17q21.31 region appeared at a significantly higher frequency among Asia-Pacific IPF patients than in European cohorts, suggesting a regionally specific contribution to risk.
Further functional experiments showed that candidate genes near these loci play important roles in telomere maintenance, inflammatory regulation, and fibrotic signaling in lung epithelial cells. A single-nucleotide variant in the TERT promoter region was associated with reduced telomerase activity, a mechanism previously reported in European patients and now validated in a large Asia-Pacific cohort.
IPF is a chronic progressive lung disease with poor prognosis and a median survival of about two to four years after diagnosis. Because early symptoms are often atypical, the disease is easily confused with COPD, asthma, and other respiratory conditions. These findings provide a foundation for gene-based risk scoring models tailored to Asia-Pacific populations.
Professor Zhou Bowen of the University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine and Chief Researcher of Qiyuan Institute said the study demonstrates the value of building a multi-center Asia-Pacific genetic data platform and provides a reusable methodological framework for rare-disease research.
The project was supported by the Alliance's 2023 Research Grant Program in life omics, with total funding of HKD 2.8 million. ZALSH will continue to increase support for genetics and rare-disease studies with distinctive Asia-Pacific relevance.